Chapter 12

Key concepts:
Globalization- is the increased interaction and integration among sport organizations and enterprises around the world. Globalization allows sports franchises and organizations to increase sources of revenue by expanding their markets to different areas of the globe for example, NFL game in England.
Pg. 211 (Eschenfelder, 2007)

Centralized sport governance- government owns and controls all enterprises and the government decides when, how and the quantity of production. This type of governance is more prevalent in socialist countries such as China. The government is responsible for all sporting policies and implementing them within the nation.
Pg. 208 (Eschenfelder, 2007)

Decentralized sport governance- government has no or very limited involvement within the sport industry. Instead of the government there are specific sport governing bodies independent of the national government. The USA is an example of a nation that adopts this policy, the NCAA and NAIA are independent of the government and they regulate sport within their own organizations.
Pg. 208 (Eschenfelder, 2007)

Combination governance- governments have high involvement in developing the public sector of sports, but limited supervision in the private sector. Many countries adopt this policy throughout the world. Canada, Australia, and the UK are examples of where this type of government exists. These types of government provide programs, expand the body of knowledge about sport and offer technical development for athletes.
Pg. 208-09 (Eschenfelder, 2007)